Agronomy Degree Practice Exam

The term that describes cropland left idle to restore its productivity through the accumulation of water and nutrients is "fallow." This practice is essential in agronomy as it allows the soil to recover by building up organic matter, enhancing soil structure, and improving its nutrient content. By allowing the land to rest, it can help prevent soil degradation and manage pests and diseases that might accumulate if the land were constantly cultivated.

The other terms do not accurately capture this concept. "Mulched" refers to the practice of covering soil to retain moisture and suppress weeds but does not imply leaving land idle. "Seeded" signifies the process of planting seeds into the soil, which is contrary to the idea of leaving land unused. "At field capacity" describes the condition of soil when it has absorbed the maximum amount of water it can hold without drainage, which is a different aspect of soil management. Thus, fallow is the correct term that encapsulates the intended practice of resting land for restoration purposes.